ABSTRACT Growth rings have been reported for several tropical species under seasonal precipitation regimes and have often been related to leaf phenology. We investigated growth ring distinctiveness, wood markers, and leaf shedding and flushing patterns of 16 tree species from a subtropical seasonal deciduous forest under abundant and well-distributed rainfall regime in southern Brazil. Distinct growth rings were found in 13 species, 10 of which presented clear anatomical boundaries. Seven species were deciduous, five semideciduous and four perennial. Leaf shedding peaked during winter and spring months for the deciduous species, while it peaked during spring and summer months for the perennial and semideciduous species. Leaf flushing peaked in spring and summer for all species. All the deciduous species exhibited growth rings with clear boundaries. Marginal parenchyma, associated or not with other anatomical markers, was present in deciduous species but was not present in species with other leaf shedding patterns. Growth rings in Allophylus edulis, Erythrina falcata, Jacaranda micrantha and Luehea divaricata were described for the first time. The presence of seasonal leaf phenological patterns and growth rings in most of the species suggests that seasonality of the photoperiod and/or temperature influence the development of trees in moist subtropical seasonal deciduous forests.

Abstract Abstract: Specimens of Leptogium collected in ten localities from the State of Rio Grande do Sul were studied. Sixteen species were found of 28 records mentioned to the state, which represents around 57% of the Leptogium diversity known for Rio Grande do Sul. Leptogium exaratum is proposed as a new species. Leptogium atlanticum, L. milligranum and L. vesiculosum are reported for the first time to the state. The lectotype of L. javanicum is reported here and detailed descriptions are provided to the examined specimens. An identification key is showed with all the 28 mentioned species of Leptogium. It is the first published taxonomic key for Leptogium from Rio Grande do Sul, the State with the highest diversity of this genus in Brazil.

Plantas crescendo em ambientes com diferentes condições atmosféricas podem apresentar mudanças nos parâmetros morfométricos de suas folhas. Microgramma squamulosa (Kaulf.) de la Sota é uma samambaia epifítica neotropical encontrada em ambientes impactados. Os objetivos deste estudo foram comparar quantitativamente características estruturais de folhas em áreas com diferentes condições de qualidade do ar e identificar parâmetros morfométricos que são indicadores potenciais dos efeitos da poluição sobre estas plantas. Folhas férteis e estéreis crescendo sobre árvores isoladas foram coletadas de ambientes urbano (Estância Velha) e rural (Novo Hamburgo), no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Para cada tipo foliar, as análises macroscópicas e microscópicas foram realizadas em 192 amostras coletadas em cada ambiente. As folhas estéreis e férteis apresentaram nervura central significativamente mais espessa e feixe vascular e áreas da lâmina foliar maiores no ambiente rural, que é caracterizado por menor poluição do ar. A espessura da hipoderme e a densidade estomática das folhas férteis foram maiores na área urbana, que é caracterizada por uma poluição maior do ar. Baseado no fato de que foram encontradas mudanças significativas nesses parâmetros em ambos os tipos de folhas, que são possivelmente relacionadas com poluentes do ar, M. squamulosa pode ser uma potencial bioindicadora.

Plants growing in environments with different atmospheric conditions may present changes in the morphometric parameters of their leaves. Microgramma squamulosa (Kaulf.) de la Sota is a neotropical epiphytic fern found in impacted environments. The aims of this study were to quantitatively compare structural characteristics of leaves in areas with different air quality conditions, and to identify morphometric parameters that are potential indicators of the effects of pollution on these plants. Fertile and sterile leaves growing on isolated trees were collected from an urban (Estância Velha) and a rural (Novo Hamburgo) environment, in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. For each leaf type, macroscopic and microscopic analyses were performed on 192 samples collected in each environment. The sterile and fertile leaves showed significantly greater thickness of the midrib and greater vascular bundle and leaf blade areas in the rural environment, which is characterized by less air pollution. The thickness of the hypodermis and the stomatal density of the fertile leaves were greater in the urban area, which is characterized by more air pollution. Based on the fact that significant changes were found in the parameters of both types of leaves, which could possibly be related to air pollutants, M. squamulosa may be a potential bioindicator.